Herniated and bulging discs are common spinal conditions that can cause pain and discomfort. They typically occur in the intervertebral discs, which are soft, cushion-like structures located between the vertebrae of the spine. These discs act as shock absorbers and allow for movement and flexibility in the spine.
● Herniated Disc (sometimes referred to as a slipped or ruptured disc):
○ A herniated disc occurs when the inner, gel-like material (nucleus pulposus) within the disc pushes through the tough, outer ring (annulus fibrosus) and into the spinal canal.
○ This can lead to compression or irritation of nearby nerves, resulting in pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the area of the body served by those affected nerves. The symptoms may radiate down the arms or legs, depending on the location of the herniated disc in the spine.
○ Different categories of herniated discs include: protrusion, extrusion, and sequestration.
● Bulging Disc:
○ A bulging disc, on the other hand, is when the disc's outer ring (annulus fibrosus) weakens or protrudes outward but does not rupture or tear.
○ It can cause similar symptoms to a herniated disc if it presses against nearby nerves or the spinal cord, but it is generally considered less severe.
The causes of herniated and bulging discs can include age-related degeneration, wear and tear on the spine, lifting heavy objects improperly, and traumatic injuries. Genetics and certain lifestyle factors may also play a role in their development.